Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft and Thyroglossal Duct Fibrous Cord-Like, is There a Mixed Presentation?

INTRODUCTION: Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare condition and is frequently misdiagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst. Otherwise, the combination of congenital midline cervical cleft and thyroglossal duct fibrosis in the same patient is as rare as important to be registered with the intention to inform and offer specific managements details for the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: Eight-year-old boy with simultaneous congenital midline cervical cleft and a thyroglossal duct fibrosis. The anatomic, clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics of the congenital midline cervical cleft are described as well as surgical technique for removal and repair with Z-plasty. CONCLUSION: Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare condition and when diagnosed must be surgically treated as early as possible. Its differential diagnosis is a clinical challenge.

Surgical Treatment of Vascular Anomalies.

Recommendation for the surgical approach to vascular anomalies is rapidly evolving. From an isolated approach, surgery is best seen nowadays as an adjunctive tool in multidisciplinary management. Several studies focusing on targeted therapy based on genetic findings were published, and their use in clinical practice is on the way.

Stroke Due to Orthognathic Surgery: Case Report of a Rare Complication.

Le Fort I osteotomy is a frequent surgical procedure used in orthognathic surgeries to treat severe malocclusions and is associated with relatively rare surgical complications. Here, the authors report a case of thrombotic ischemic stroke as a result of this procedure, a complication still not described in the literature. A 19-year-old man with class II malocclusion and retrognathia underwent orthognathic surgery for aesthetic purposes. The surgery included a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy with vertical impaction, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular advancement, and genioplasty. Postoperatively, the patient developed left eye blindness, headache, somnolence, aphasia, and right hemiplegia. Medical imaging showed the Le Fort I line of fracture extending from the maxillary osteotomy to the left optic canal and to the left carotid canal, with osseous fragments impinging the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery, left carotid artery occlusion and associated to an ischemic stroke at the left middle cerebral artery territory. Treatment required decompressive craniectomy and later focused on clinical stabilization, infection management, orthognathic care, neurorehabilitation, and cranioplasty. The hemiplegia and aphasia partially recovered during 12 months, and final dental occlusion was appropriate. Our report demonstrates that an unfavorable Le Fort I fracture trajectory can lead to ischemic stroke and severe neurological deficits.

Comparing Results of Syndactyly Operated Children Younger and Older Than 1 Year.

INTRODUCTION: Syndactyly has a cosmetic, functional, and psychosocial impact, and surgical treatment is indicated in most cases. This study aimed to retrospectively identify whether patients undergoing surgical release of syndactyly younger than 1 year presented different results compared with those operated older than 1 year. METHODS: Patients were assessed through photographic records by 3 independent specialist surgeons for the quality of scar, presence of web creep, rotational, flexion-extension, and lateral flexion deformities using the Withey score. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were included in the study, totaling 51 commissures operated. The score was higher in the group operated younger than 1 year (5.83 ± 2.39) compared with the group older than 1 year (3.94 ± 1.93), being statistically significant, with a P value of 0.011. CONCLUSIONS: Children with syndactyly operated younger than 1 year have worse postoperative outcomes measured by the Withey score than those operated older than 1 year.

Assimetria mamária: revisão da literatura e nova proposta de classificação clínica / Breast asymmetry: literature review and a new proposal for clinical classification

A assimetria mamária é um diagnóstico prevalente com diversas modalidades cirúrgicas para seu tratamento. O correto diagnóstico, levando-se em conta os sistemas de classificação existentes é imperativo para que os melhores resultados sejam alcançados. Através de revisão da literatura foram levantadas as principais e mais aceitas propostas de classificação e tratamento das assimetrias mamárias. Estas classificações disponíveis datam da década de 60 e 70 e carecem de atualização para o contexto clínico atual. Após ampla revisão da literatura foi proposta uma classificação mais simplificada e reprodutível, levando-se em conta as assimetrias mais frequentes nos consultórios de cirurgia plástica estética, com seus respectivos guias de tratamento. Cinco grupos foram criados: 1 - mamas hipotróficas com assimetria de volume; 2 - hipotrofia com assimetria de volume e contorno; 3 - mamas normotróficas, ptóticas e sem desejo de aumento do volume; 4 - mamas normotróficas, ptóticas e com desejo de aumento do volume final; 5 - mamas assimétricas e hipertróficas. Baseado nos achados clínicos, foi criado um algoritmo de tratamento para cada subtipo de assimetria, incluindo neste arsenal, próteses mamárias de volumes diferentes, mastopexias, mamoplastia redutoras, além da lipoenxertia. Importante ressaltar que a assimetria mamária é a regra e não a exceção, entretanto, é motivo de insatisfação das pacientes e um desafio para o cirurgião plástico.

Breast asymmetry is a prevalent diagnosis that has several surgical modalities for its treatment. The correct diagnosis, taking into account the existing classification systems, is imperative for achieving the best results. The leading and most accepted proposals for the classification and treatment of breast asymmetries were raised through the literature review. These available classifications date from the 60s and 70s and need to be updated to the current clinical context. A more simplified and reproducible classification was proposed after a comprehensive literature review, considering the most frequent asymmetries in aesthetic plastic surgery offices, with their respective treatment guides. Five groups were created: 1 - hypotrophic breasts with volume asymmetry; 2 - hypotrophy with volume and contour asymmetry; 3 - normotrophic, ptotic breasts and with no desire to increase the volume; 4 - normotrophic, ptotic breasts and with a desire to increase the final volume; 5 - asymmetric and hypertrophic breasts. Based on the clinical findings, a treatment algorithm was created for each subtype of asymmetry, including in this arsenal, breast implants of different volumes, mastopexies, reduction mammoplasty, and fat grafting. It is important to emphasize that breast asymmetry is the rule and not the exception, therefore, it is a reason for patient dissatisfaction and a challenge for the plastic surgeon.

The impact of COVID-19 on the plastic surgery activity in a high-complexity university hospital in Brazil: the importance of reconstructive plastic surgery during the pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The Hospital das Clínicas - University of Sao Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP) is the largest university hospital complex in Brazil. HCFMUSP has been converted into a reference center for coronavirus disease 2019. The Division of Plastic Surgery postponed non-essential surgeries and outpatient consultations, accomplishing new guidelines (ANG) of national and international organizations. Even with these challenges arising from the pandemic, alternatives were considered to maintain institutional characteristics. This study aims to analyze this new scenario and the impact on patients' assistance and Plastic Surgery residents training. METHODS: Total number of surgeries, type of procedures, and outpatient consultations in 2020, before (pre-ANG) and after (post-ANG) ANG, were compared with the same period in 2019 (2019-pre and 2020-post). RESULTS: A marked reduction in the total number of surgeries and outpatient consultations was observed in the post-ANG period. In the post-ANG period, 267 operations were performed (26.7 ± 20.3/week), while in the 2019-post period, 1036 surgeries were performed (103.6 ± 9.7/week) (p = 0.0002). Similarly, 1571 consultations were conducted in the post-ANG period (157.1 ± 93.6/week), while in the 2019-post period, 3907 were performed (390.7 ± 43.1/week) (p = 0.0003). However, in the post-ANG period, an increase in the proportion of reconstructive compared with aesthetic surgery was observed. The maintenance of highly complex procedures such as microsurgical transplants was also identified. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant profile of reconstructive surgeries at the Division of Plastic Surgery allowed the continuity of procedures at all technical complexity levels, patient care maintenance, and Plastic Surgery residents training.Level of evidence: not ratable.

Mapeamento anatômico das anomalias vasculares dos lábios / Anatomical mapping of vascular anomalies of the lips

Introdução: O lábio é a região do corpo mais frequentemente acometida por anomalias vasculares (AV). A correta determinação da etiologia da lesão é determinante à escolha do tratamento do paciente e à correta condução do caso. O objetivo deste estudo é correlacionar o posicionamento anatômico e as características das lesões com o diagnóstico etiológico das AVs dos lábios, a fim de promover uma ferramenta que auxilie na prática clínica. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 150 pacientes com AV dos lábios, avaliados entre 1999 e 2017. O diagnóstico etiológico foi baseado na classificação de ISSVA 2014. Análise clínica e fotográfica foi realizada para avaliar o padrão anatômico de envolvimento e mapear as lesões. Resultados: Hemangioma infantil apresentou acometimento de apenas um lábio, em menor extensão e situado mais centralmente, com raro envolvimento de comissura oral. Malformações venosas e venolinfáticas (MVs) e malformações arteriovenosas (MAVs) envolveram o lábio superior predominantemente, situadas mais lateralmente e acarretando significativa deformidade. Contudo, MAVs apresentaram mais frequente extensão além dos limites do vermelhão. Os pacientes com malformações capilares (MCs) sofriam de acometimento integral do lábio inferior. Todos os casos de malformações linfáticas exclusivas (MLs) envolveram o lábio superior inteiro, com grande distorção. Conclusão: A apresentação inicial das AVs muitas vezes consiste em pequenas alterações, desafiadoras ao diagnóstico assertivo. Padrões específicos de acometimentos foram observados para cada diagnóstico etiológico estudado. O mapeamento pode ser utilizado como ferramenta auxiliar diagnóstica e contribuir para melhor intervenção nos pacientes com anomalias vasculares labiais.

Introduction: The lip is the body region more often affected by vascular anomalies (VAs). Identifying the appropriate etiology of the lesion is significantly important when determining the treatment of choice for the patient. This study aimed to determine the association between the anatomical positioning and the characteristics of the lesions and the etiological diagnosis of VAs of the lips to identify the appropriate tool to be used in clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 150 patients with VA of the lips evaluated between 1999 and 2017. The etiological diagnosis was based on the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies 2014 classification. Clinical and photographic analysis was performed to assess the anatomical pattern of involvement and map the lesions. Results: An infantile hemangioma was observed to a lesser extent in only one lip and was situated more centrally, with rare involvement of the labial commissure. Venous and venous-lymphatic malformations and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the upper lip were predominantly located more laterally and caused significant deformity. However, AVMs more often extended beyond the limits of the vermilion. Capillary malformations were observed in the entire lower lip in some patients. Simple lymphatic malformations were observed in the entire upper lip with significant distortion in some patients. Conclusion: The initial presentation of VAs often comprises minimal changes; hence, establishing an assertive diagnosis is considered difficult. Specific patterns of involvement were observed for each etiological diagnosis studied. Anatomical mapping can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool and can possibly identify an appropriate clinical intervention in patients with VAs of the lip.

Management of arteriovenous malformation of the ear: A protocol for resection and reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the ear show unique features. Progressive growth or inadequate management of AVMs may lead to bleeding, infection, cartilage exposure, and ultimately loss of structure. Total ear amputation is an alternative; however, due to the structural complexity of the ear, reconstruction is technically challenging. This study presents a treatment algorithm based on a clinical series, with treatment options including resection and immediate and late reconstruction. METHODS: Between 2004 and 2018, 12 patients with auricular AVMs were treated with AVM resection and ear reconstruction at our hospital. Among these 12 patients, seven were women, and patients' ages ranged between 4 and 34 years. Parameters considered before resection and reconstruction were compromised ear extension (partial, total, or extra-auricular involvement), thickness (cutaneous and cartilaginous), symptoms (bleeding, infection, ulceration, and/or cartilage exposure), and preoperative embolization. Total resection of AVMs was planned as the first step in all cases, followed by primary closure. AVM resection was categorized into a partial or total procedure, resulting in partial or total ear defects. Reconstruction was categorized as immediate or delayed. RESULTS: Preoperative embolization was performed in 10 patients. AVMs were totally removed, resulting in seven total ear amputations. In six of these patients, total ear reconstruction was performed 6 months later, and all patients were recurrence-free. Only one patient did not undergo ear reconstruction. Regrowth was not observed in any reconstructed ear. CONCLUSION: Treatment of ear AVMs requires a planned approach to achieve favorable clinical outcomes and for concomitant safe and definitive reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1322-1326, 2020.

Distração osteogênica da sínfise mandibular como opção de tratamento da síndrome da apneia e hipopneia do sono em paciente com sequência de Pierre ­ Robin / Osteogenic distraction of the mandibular symphysis as an option for the treatment of sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome in a patient with Pierre - Robin sequence

Introdução: Glossoptose e retrognatia, associadas a distúrbios respiratórios, compõem a Sequência de Robin (SR), que pode estar associada a uma variedade de síndromes genéticas. Sua incidência varia entre 1/5.000 e 1/50.000 nascidos vivos, cursando com níveis variáveis de comprometimento respiratório. A síndrome da apneia e hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) se destaca entre tais distúrbios, conferindo risco de morte neonatal e tempo prolongado de internação. Disfagia é sintoma frequente em pacientes com SR sindrômica, com risco de aspiração. Dentre as alternativas para tratamento do distúrbio respiratório, distração óssea mandibular (DOSM) é uma rápida e definitiva opção, podendo prevenir sequelas, como danos cerebrais por hipóxia, além de corrigir a micrognatia permanentemente. Objetivo: relatar padrão respiratório e da deglutição em paciente com SR após avanço mandibular por distração osteogênica Resultado e discussão: relatamos um caso de paciente com SPR associada à SAHOS grave: índice de distúrbio respiratório (IDR) =18/h, atraso do desenvolvimento neuro-psico-motor, respiração oral e disfagia de grau severo com dieta exclusiva por gastrostomia. Conclusão: após realização de DOSM, houve melhora da SAHOS e a dieta passou a ser ministrada via oral.

Introduction: glossoptosis and retrognatia, associated with respiratory disorders, compose the Robin Sequence (RS), which may be associated with a variety of genetic syndromes. Its incidence ranges from 1/5,000 to 1/50,000 live births with varying levels of respiratory compromise. The Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) stands out among such disorders, conferring neonatal death risk and prolonged hospitalization time. Dysphagia is a frequent symptom in patients with syndromic SR, with risk of aspiration. Among the alternatives for the treatment of respiratory disorder, mandibular bone distraction (MBD) is a rapid and definitive option, which can prevent sequelae, such as brain damage through hypoxia, and correct micrognathia permanently. Objective: to report improvement of the respiratory and swallowing pattern in a case of PRS by osteogenic mandible distraction. Result and discussion: we report a case of a patient with SPR associated with severe OSAHS: respiratory distress index (IDR) = 18 / h, neuropsychological-motor development delay, oral breathing, and severe-grade dysphagia with an exclusive gastrostomy diet. Conclusion: after DOSM, there was improvement in OSAHS and the diet was administered orally.

POSTOPERATIVE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TREATMENT OF DUPLICATED THUMB.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative epidemiological and functional factors in patients operated to treat duplicate thumb. METHODS: This retrospective case series evaluated 20 patients (23 thumbs) treated from January 2012 to December 2016 at our service. Epidemiological and clinical factors were studied, including Tada score. RESULTS: Of the 34 children who were treated surgically, only 20 appeared for the functional evaluation and were included in the study. Of the operated cases, 60% were Wassel type 4. All evaluated cases had good functional results (Tada score ≥5, mean score: 6.65). The most frequently used surgical technique was resection of the radial thumb with reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament (47.8% of cases). CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of duplicated thumb yields good results, as long as attention is paid to abnormalities in bones, ligaments, and tendons. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores epidemiológicos e funcionais pós operatórios dos pacientes operados por duplicação de polegar. MÉTODOS: Essa é uma série retrospectiva de casos em que foram avaliados 20 pacientes (23 polegares), operados entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2016, no Hospital Menino Jesus/ SP. Foram estudados fatores epidemiológicos e clínicos, dentre os quais o score funcional de Tada. RESULTADOS: Das 34 crianças operadas, apenas 20 compareceram para avaliação funcional. Dos casos operados, 60% eram Wassel tipo 4. Todos os casos avaliados obtiveram resultado funcional bom (Tada maior ou igual a 5), com score médio de 6,65. A técnica cirúrgica mais utilizada foi a ressecção do polegar radial com reconstrução do ligamento colateral radial, presente em 47,8% das vezes. CONCLUSÃO: A correção cirúrgica da duplicação de polegar cursa com bons resultados, desde que se atente para as anormalidades osteoligamentares e tendíneas. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.

Postoperative retrospective analysis of the treatment of duplicated thumb / Análise retrospectiva pós-operatória do tratamento das duplicações de polegar

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate postoperative epidemiological and functional factors in patients operated to treat duplicate thumb. Methods This retrospective case series evaluated 20 patients (23 thumbs) treated from January 2012 to December 2016 at our service. Epidemiological and clinical factors were studied, including Tada score. Results Of the 34 children who were treated surgically, only 20 appeared for the functional evaluation and were included in the study. Of the operated cases, 60% were Wassel type 4. All evaluated cases had good functional results (Tada score ≥5, mean score: 6.65). The most frequently used surgical technique was resection of the radial thumb with reconstruction of the radial collateral ligament (47.8% of cases). Conclusion Surgical correction of duplicated thumb yields good results, as long as attention is paid to abnormalities in bones, ligaments, and tendons. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os fatores epidemiológicos e funcionais pós operatórios dos pacientes operados por duplicação de polegar. Métodos Essa é uma série retrospectiva de casos em que foram avaliados 20 pacientes (23 polegares), operados entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2016, no Hospital Menino Jesus/ SP. Foram estudados fatores epidemiológicos e clínicos, dentre os quais o score funcional de Tada. Resultados Das 34 crianças operadas, apenas 20 compareceram para avaliação funcional. Dos casos operados, 60% eram Wassel tipo 4. Todos os casos avaliados obtiveram resultado funcional bom (Tada maior ou igual a 5), com score médio de 6,65. A técnica cirúrgica mais utilizada foi a ressecção do polegar radial com reconstrução do ligamento colateral radial, presente em 47,8% das vezes. Conclusão A correção cirúrgica da duplicação de polegar cursa com bons resultados, desde que se atente para as anormalidades osteoligamentares e tendíneas. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.

Validation of Videoconference With Smartphones in Telemedicine Facial Trauma Care: Analysis of Concordance to On-Site Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The continental size of some countries and heterogeneous hospital network prevents patients who live in remote areas from getting adequate initial assessment of facial trauma. The authors present an alternative model for trauma assessment by videoconference via smartphones and analyze the concordance between telemedicine and face-to-face management. METHODS: Fifty patients with either a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of facial trauma were independently evaluated by 2 teams of physicians: Face-to-face and telemedicine-based. The face-to-face team attended patients at bedside (physical examination and computed tomography scan analysis). The telemedicine team consisted of a general surgery resident on duty in the emergency room and a plastic surgeon researcher remotely communicating via smartphones. Both teams answered a questionnaire, which contained data concerning patient's epidemiology, physical examination, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, and treatment option to be followed. Data were analyzed and compared regarding the similarity of answers. RESULTS: The sample studied was consistent with the literature, showing a predominance of young males. Traffic accidents and personal violence were the main causes of trauma. The concurrency of answers for physical examination findings was considered substantial (κ = 0.720). For CT scan findings, it was almost perfect (κ = 0.899); for defining the treatment option, it was almost perfect (κ = 0.891). High concurrency of face CT scan findings was observed after we calculated the positive predictive value (89.9%), negative predictive value (99.3%), sensitivity (94.2%), specificity (98.8%), and accuracy (98.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model to facial assessment trauma by videoconference via smartphones is feasible, showing high concordance level with face-to-face assessment.

Periodontal and dental effects of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, assessed by using digital study models.

OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the maxillary dental arch changes produced by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). METHODS: Dental casts from 18 patients (mean age of 23.3 years) were obtained at treatment onset (T1), three months after SARME (T2) and 6 months after expansion (T3). The casts were scanned in a 3D scanner (D-250, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Maxillary dental arch width, dental crown tipping and height were measured and assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Increased transversal widths from T1 and T2 and the maintenance of these values from T2 and T3 were observed. Buccal teeth tipping also showed statistically significant differences, with an increase in all teeth from T1 to T2 and a decrease from T2 to T3. No statistically significant difference was found for dental crown height, except for left first and second molars, although clinically irrelevant. CONCLUSION: SARME proved to be an effective and stable procedure, with minimum periodontal hazards.

Periodontal and dental effects of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, assessed by using digital study models

OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the maxillary dental arch changes produced by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). METHODS: Dental casts from 18 patients (mean age of 23.3 years) were obtained at treatment onset (T1), three months after SARME (T2) and 6 months after expansion (T3). The casts were scanned in a 3D scanner (D-250, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Maxillary dental arch width, dental crown tipping and height were measured and assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Increased transversal widths from T1 and T2 and the maintenance of these values from T2 and T3 were observed. Buccal teeth tipping also showed statistically significant differences, with an increase in all teeth from T1 to T2 and a decrease from T2 to T3. No statistically significant difference was found for dental crown height, except for left first and second molars, although clinically irrelevant. CONCLUSION: SARME proved to be an effective and stable procedure, with minimum periodontal hazards. .

OBJETIVOS: o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as alterações dentárias e periodontais decorrentes da Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERMAC). MÉTODOS: foram obtidos os modelos de gesso de 18 pacientes (média de idade de 23,3 anos), ao início (T1), 3 meses após a ERMAC (T2) e 6 meses após a expansão (T3). Os modelos foram digitalizados (Scanner 3D 3Shape D-250) e mensuraram-se as distâncias transversais, bem como a inclinação e a altura da coroa clínica dos dentes posteriores. Para análise dos resultados, aplicou-se a análise de Variância e o teste de Tukey. RESULTADOS: nas distâncias transversais, observou-se um aumento de T1 para T2 e uma manutenção de T2 para T3. As inclinações dentárias demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em alguns dentes; porém, numericamente tenderam a um aumento de T1 para T2 e a uma diminuição de T2 para T3. Não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa na altura da coroa clínica, exceto nos primeiros e segundos molares do lado esquerdo, porém, clinicamente irrelevante. CONCLUSÕES: a ERMAC demonstrou ser um procedimento efetivo e estável, com mínima repercussão periodontal. .

Resultados da ressecção de hemangiomas infantis nasais em fase proliferativa: abordagem segura para os tumores centrais da face / Results of resecttion of infantile nasal hemangiomas in the proliferatrive phase: a safe approach for central tumors", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: O hemangioma infantil é o tumor benigno mais comum da infância, predominando na região cervicofacial. É caracterizado por apresentar 3 fases distintas, observando-se frequentemente regressão espontânea dessas lesões. No entanto, sequelas residuais ou deformidades das estruturas anatômicas em crescimento podem ocorrer. A abordagem cirúrgica precoce e definitiva é indicada, em decorrência da localização dos hemangiomas nasais e seu potencial desfigurante, visando à obtenção de bons resultados estéticos e preservação anatômica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os resultados da abordagem cirúrgica definitiva para hemangiomas proliferativos nasais, com base em uma avaliação objetiva. MÉTODO: No período de 1997 a 2009, 20 pacientes portadores de hemangiomas nasais em fase proliferativa foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. As lesões foram avaliadas segundo local de acometimento e tratamento realizado. Foram analisados índices de complicações e necessidade de procedimentos adicionais. Os resultados estéticos foram avaliados por avaliadores independentes. RESULTADOS: As lesões estavam localizadas na ponta nasal em 50% dos pacientes; no dorso, em 20%; em todas as subunidades, em 15%; nas áreas paranasais, em 10%; e na unidade alar, em 5%. A ressecção foi total em 60% dos pacientes e subtotal em 40%. O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 42,6 meses. A média de procedimentos cirúrgicos por paciente foi de 1,3 + 0,7. Nenhuma complicação importante foi observada. Os resultados foram positivamente avaliados quanto a redução do volume da lesão e melhora do contorno facial, corroborando a conduta proposta. CONCLUSÕES: No manejo dos hemangiomas nasais, o tratamento cirúrgico definitivo pode ser considerado uma alternativa segura e eficaz, com baixas taxas de complicação.

BACKGROUND: Infantile hemangioma is the most common benign tumor in infancy and occurs most often in the cervicofacial region. Its course can be divided into 3 phases with frequent spontaneous regression. However, residual sequelae or anatomical structure deformities can occur. An early and definitive surgical approach aiming at good aesthetic results and anatomical preservation is indicated in such cases because of the localization of the nasal hemangiomas and their capacity to disfigure. This study analyzed the results of the definitive surgical approach for proliferative nasal hemangiomas according to an objective evaluation. METHODS: From 1997 to 2009, 20 patients suffering from nasal hemangiomas in the proliferative phase were treated surgically. The lesions were analysed according to the area affected and type of treatment. Complication rates and the need for additional procedures were analyzed. The aesthetic results were evaluated by independent evaluators. RESULTS: The lesions were localized in the tip of the nose in 50% of patients, dorsal area in 20%, all subunits in 15%, paranasal areas in 10%, and alar area in 5%. Resection was total and subtotal in 60% and 40% of the patients, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 42.6 months. The mean number of surgical procedures per patient was 1.3 ± 0.7. No significant complications were observed. The results were positively evaluated with respect to the reduction of lesion volume and improved face shape, corroborating the proposed approach. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive surgical treatment is a safe and effective alternative for the management of nasal hemangiomas and has low complication rates.

Idade e indicações de osteotomias para avanço frontofacial em pacientes com craniossinostoses sindrômicas / Age and indications for osteotomy for frontofacial advancement in patienets with syndromic craniosynostosis", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde o início da Cirurgia Craniofacial, muitos desafios foram ultrapassados. Problemas operatórios técnicos e de infraestrutura básica de atendimento especializado foram solucionados. Agora, 25 anos após as publicações iniciais dos avanços frontofaciais, há ainda algumas dúvidas quanto às indicações precisas da idade e do tipo de cirurgia a ser realizada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução de pacientes submetidos a tratamento de craniossinostoses sindrômicas operados nos últimos 10 anos em nossa instituição. MÉTODO: Todos os pacientes sindrômicos submetidos a avanço frontofacial em monobloco ou somente facial isolado foram selecionados no período de 2001 a 2011. Foram selecionados 70 pacientes, 56 submetidos a avanço frontofacial em monobloco e 14, a avanço facial após remodelagem frontorbitária prévia. Todos os dados referentes a esses pacientes foram correlacionados, avaliando a idade e o resultado final. Os pacientes foram selecionados de acordo com idade à época da cirurgia, complicações existentes e resultados finais correlacionados com os principais problemas existentes previamente. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes sindrômicos apresentaram graus variados de resultados finais, dependendo da síndrome e da idade de realização do procedimento. Os avanços frontofaciais em monobloco apresentaram baixo índice de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas, porém ficou demonstrada a necessidade de procedimentos futuros ao final do crescimento facial. Nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgias mais tardiamente, o índice de resultados positivos foi maior. CONCLUSÕES: Nos casos de craniossinostoses graves, com problemas funcionais, a indicação de avanço frontofacial em monobloco continua sendo a melhor opção terapêutica.

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial surgery has overcome many challenges since its initiation into clinical practice. Several technical issues have been addressed and the basic infrastructure of the specialty has now been developed. At present, 25 years after the first publications on frontofacial advancement, questions still remain as to the appropriate age for surgery and the appropriate type of surgery that should be performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients surgically treated for syndromic craniosynostosis over the last 10 years at our institution. METHODS: All syndromic patients who underwent monobloc frontofacial advancement or only isolated facial advancement from 2001 to 2011were selected. Out of 70 patients in total, 56 underwent monobloc frontofacial advancement and 14 underwent facial advancement after fronto-orbital remodeling. All data concerning these patients were correlated with patient age and final result. Moreover, age at surgery, complications, and final results were correlated with the main preexisting problems. RESULTS: Final results for syndromic patients varied, depending on the syndrome and the age at which the procedure was performed. Monobloc frontofacial advancements had a low index of immediate postoperative complications, but there was a clear need for further procedures at the time of final facial growth. The index of positive outcome was higher in patients who underwent surgery at an older age. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of severe craniosynostosis with functional problems, monobloc frontofacial advancement is still the best therapeutic option.